How Dead Mens Path and Snapshots of a Wedding Portray Different Cultur

How Dead Men's Path and Snapshots of a Wedding Portray Different Cultures For this exposition I will talk about Dead Men’s Path, by Chinua Achebe, and Snapshots Of A Wedding, by Bessie Head. These are both short stories from the Opening Worlds book by Heinemann. Composed by the Nigerian child of sincere Protestants, Dead Men’s Path is a significant short story, which investigates the modernisation of Africa through convictions and furthermore the impacts of Western traditions and thoughts on conventional African culture. It recounts to the narrative of one man attempting to modernize Ndume Central School in Africa where he has as of late been made Headmaster. Albeit as it were 26, Michael Obi has an exceptionally high assessment of himself, and a to some degree over-swelled sense of self. He sees himself to be above others and better than them since he is instructed: ‘He was candid in his judgment of the tight perspectives on these more seasoned and regularly less-instructed ones.’ With his young spouse Nancy supporting his extreme thoughts and perspectives on a present day school, in showing strategy as well as in appearance, Obi attempts to bring the ‘backwards... How Dead Men's Path and Snapshots of a Wedding Portray Different Cultur How Dead Men's Path and Snapshots of a Wedding Portray Different Cultures For this paper I will talk about Dead Men’s Path, by Chinua Achebe, and Snapshots Of A Wedding, by Bessie Head. These are both short stories from the Opening Worlds book by Heinemann. Composed by the Nigerian child of dedicated Protestants, Dead Men’s Path is a significant short story, which investigates the modernisation of Africa through convictions and furthermore the impacts of Western traditions and thoughts on customary African culture. It recounts to the tale of one man attempting to modernize Ndume Central School in Africa where he has as of late been made Headmaster. Albeit as it were 26, Michael Obi has a high assessment of himself, and a fairly over-swelled sense of self. He sees himself to be above others and better than them since he is instructed: ‘He was straightforward in his judgment of the tight perspectives on these more seasoned and frequently less-instructed ones.’ With his young spouse Nancy supporting his extreme thoughts and perspectives on a current school, in showing strategy as well as in appearance, Obi attempts to bring the ‘backwards...

How to Ask Your Professor to Change Your Grade

Step by step instructions to Ask Your Professor to Change Your Grade Toward the finish of each semester, professor’s inboxes are immersed with a torrent of messages from edgy understudies looking for an evaluation change. These very late demands are regularly met with dissatisfaction and scorn. A few teachers even venture to such an extreme as to set their inbox to auto-react and not inquire until weeks after the semester closes. In the event that you are thinking about approaching your teacher for an evaluation change, consider your activities mindfully and set yourself up before making the solicitation. Here’s your most obvious opportunity: Stage 1: Do everything in your capacity not to wind up in this circumstance. A great deal of solicitations originate from understudies who have marginal evaluations. Only a point or two more, and their GPA would improve. In any case, being on the fringe isn’t generally a worthy motivation to request an evaluation change. On the off chance that your evaluation is 89.22%, dont request that the teacher consider a knock to 90% so as to keep your GPA up. On the off chance that you figure you may be on the fringe, fill in as hard as possible before the finish of the semester and talk about additional credit prospects early. Don’t depend on being â€Å"rounded up† as a civility. Stage 2: Act before your teacher presents his evaluations to the college. Teachers will be considerably more liable to change reviews before they submit them to the college. In the event that you were missing focuses or feel you ought to have been given more support credit, converse with your educator before grades are expected. In the event that you hold up until after accommodation, your educator will probably need to go through the motions to meet your solicitation. In certain colleges, grade changes are basically not allowed without a critical composed clarification of the instructor’s blunder composed by the teacher. Remember that educators are generally required to present the evaluations to the college a few days before they are presented for understudies visible. Along these lines, converse with your educator at the earliest opportunity. Stage 3: Decide on the off chance that you truly have a case. Survey the prospectus and ensure your contention coordinates with the instructor’s desires. A sensible evaluation change solicitation may be founded on target issues, for example, The teacher neglecting to check focuses you earnedA miscount on a specific examA issue with the online course’s learning the executives framework that brought about a point conclusion A solicitation may likewise be made dependent on emotional issues, for example, You believe you ought to have been given more support pointsYou accept your job in the gathering venture was not enough comprehended or acknowledged Stage 4: Collect proof. In the event that you’re going to make a case, gather proof to help your motivation. Gather old papers, attempt to make a rundown of times you’ve took part, and so on. Stage 5: Discuss your case with the educator in an expert way. Whatever you do, don’t be excessively garrulous or irate with your teacher. Express your case in a quiet and expert way. Clarify, quickly, the proof that backs up your case. Also, offer to show the proof or talk about the issue in more detail if the teacher would locate that supportive. Stage 6: If all else fizzles, claim to the office. On the off chance that your teacher won't change your evaluation and you believe you have an awesome case, you might have the option to engage the office. Take a stab at calling the office workplaces and getting some information about the arrangement on grade advances. Remember that whining about the professor’s choice might be seen ineffectively by different educators and may have negative outcomes †especially in the event that you are in a little, separate office. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you remain quiet and express your case certainly, you will have a superior possibility of keeping their regard and getting your evaluation changed.

Tourism Definitions free essay sample

They are talked about regarding beneficiary benefits and lacks, and afterward any associations with the focuses raised by Leaper (1979). The travel industry Tourist Definition Identification The six definitions are beneath, with important conversation and association with Leaper (1979) after; 1. The travel industry ought to be characterized reasonably as those parts of relaxation time conduct and their outcomes which happen because of brief outings from the home condition and which are roused only by a worry for diversion matters. (Behaved, 1980) 2. Visitor as somebody going for any reason aside from driving to and from work.. . (Chase Laymen, 1991)] 3. The travel industry has all the earmarks of being turning into a satisfactory term to independently depict the movement of individuals removing trips from home and the Industry which has created in light of this action. [ (Hunt Laymen, 1991)] 4. The Most famous method of characterizing vacationer was by the motivation behind the movement, with joy or get-away being predominant terms, albeit explicit kinds of intentions were additionally expressed, for example, visiting companions and family members, shopping, going to an occasion or fascination, or other than business. We will compose a custom paper test on The travel industry Definitions or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Regardless of whether respondents considered a business fire related crime a vacationer is easily proven wrong, as some detailed they were voyagers and some announced that they were most certainly not. [ (Amasser, 1998)] 5. The meaning of the travel industry Includes three basic components: 1. Development of individuals between at least two spots (birthplace and goal) 2. Period of time of development (brief) 3. Reason [ (Headman Jackson, 2003) ] 6. Travelers are transitory guests remaining more than 24 hours in the nation visited, whose Journey can be categorized as one of the accompanying classes: relaxation, entertainment, occasion, sport, wellbeing, study religion: or business, family, companions, strategic. [ (Headman Jackson, 2003)] Definition conversations and pertinence to Leper (1979) . This meaning of the travel industry obviously Identifies that there are Industrial Impacts, and doesn't only depend on the conduct of the vacationer to characterize the travel industry. It distinguishes that visitor (the conduct parcel) can impact the goal area; it doesn't anyway address the way the Influence Is figured it out. Untouchables Tourist System forms an a lot more grounded, convincing meaning of the travel industry as It represents the impact, through the industrialization attributes. . The speculation of this meaning of a vacationer implies that about any individual who enters nearby strip mall to embrace the week by week food supplies would be viewed as a visitor under this definition. This is essentially not a worthy definition off visitor and it would be close to difficult to portray, or make any suspicions about a traveler or the travel industry all in all utilizing this definition off vacationer. 3. Again this is a much summed up meaning of a tourist.It does anyway think about the modern perspectives as examined by Leaper (1979) and which structures some portion of his all encompassing definition f The Tourist System. Again is fills next to no need on a scholarly sense, in spite of the fact that it has more noteworthy particularity regarding whom the definition fits. It at any rate thinks about that as an individual must be away from home, however doesn't offer any generous help to different elements of the vacationer. 4.This meaning of a visitor is real very practical as far as having the option to obviously distinguish and in this manner accumulate measurements for examination. This considers conduct perspectives and supports the examination of this capacity of Leaper (1979) Tourism System. 5. This definition covers he specialized meaning of the travel industry, taking into account the measurable viewpoints as talked about by Leaper (1979). It covers the three components of the standard inward definition: separation voyaged, length and purpose.It underpins and permits an unmistakable definition for factual purposes however has constrained pertinence to business related conversation as far as any financial or business impacts that may result from the people undertaking the movement as characterized. Also Leaper (1979) has issue with this absolutely factual way to deal with characterizing the travel industry as it doesn't consider the modern angles that outcome room the travel industry and the visitor. 6. The explicitness of this meaning of a vacationer bolsters just the information gathering for a specific reason.

Managerial EconomicsWeek 4 Individual Work Assignment

Administrative EconomicsWeek 4 Individual Work - Assignment Example The U.S. dollar is a solid money contrasted with different monetary forms. In any case, America is in exchange shortages universal currency markets. A reasonable transient pattern in the U.S. dollar is that it rose somewhere in the range of 14 percent comparable to the euro and much more to the Japanese yen. In any case, towards the Chinese renminbi the U.S. dollar diminished. The abatement was after the expansion in the dollar rate by the Chinese national bank The principle factors influencing dollar/euro trade rates incorporate relative genuine financing cost, the relative value, the relative monetary position, and Percentage item costs. The euro/dollar conversion scale likewise lopsidedly reacts to macroeconomic news and different factors in the economy. In any case, anticipating the euro/dollar conversion standard may appear to be hard because of absence of exact models and other surprising occasions that work inside the economy. There are additionally other major and non-key factors that influence the euro/dollar trade rates in worldwide markets. Exchange shortfalls and occupation advertise altogether influence the euro/dollar trade rates. Expanding exchange shortfalls combined with a powerless occupation market may prompt the fortifying of the euro. Conversely, the U.S. Dollar may debilitate. Political factors, for example, world security additionally influence euro/dollar trade rates. Factors, for example, war and fears of psychologi cal oppression and war and bookkeeping issues in the U.S. come about to decreased quality of the U.S. dollar. Variables that prompted a diminishing in intensity of the U.S. dollar make the euro more grounded. Nonetheless, much of the time, euro/dollar trade rates designs are typically nonlinear in nature. In this way, showcase powers pull back the swapping scale to PPP harmony Money trade rates are significant elements that influence activities of the fare markets. Working in send out business sectors turns out to be progressively troublesome given the way that it is hard to foresee the eventual fate of the overall cash showcase. Elements identified with flexibly and

Let go of your Stresses!

Let go of your Stresses! A psychologist walked around a room while teaching stress management to an audience. As she raised a glass of water, everyone expected they’d be asked the “half empty or half full” question. Instead, with a smile on her face, she inquired: ”How heavy is this glass of water?”Answers called out ranged from 8 oz. to 20 oz.She replied, “The absolute weight doesn’t matter. It depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it’s not a problem. If I hold it for an hour, I’ll have an ache in my arm. If I hold it for a day, my arm will feel numb and paralyzed. In each case, the weight of the glass doesn’t change, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes.” She continued, “The stresses and worries in life are like that glass of water. Think about them for a while and nothing happens. Think about them a bit longer and they begin to hurt. And if you think about them all day long, you will feel paralyzed â€" incapable of doing anything.It’s important to remember to let go of your stresses. As early in the evening as you can, put all your burdens down. Don’t carry them through the evening and into the night. Remember to put the glass down!Author Unknown Submitted by Tina

Wharton Receives Largest Gift Ever

According to a Wharton press release, Marc J. Rowan and Carolyn Rowan have pledged $50 million to the Wharton School to entice and keep world-class faculty and provide funding for the University of Pennsylvania’s economic policy program, Penn Wharton Budget Model (PWBM). Poets Quants reports that this pledge is part of Wharton’s More Than Ever fundraising campaign, which has already raised $679,976,855 (68%) toward its goal of $1 billion. The campaign began in 2013, and will run through 2021. Both Mr. and Mrs. Rowan are Wharton alumni, and Mr. Rowan serves as chair of Wharton’s Board of Overseers, is a Penn Trustee, and is co-chair of the More Than Ever campaign. The gift will allow Wharton to recruit three Rowan Distinguished Professors, who are world-renowned leaders in their disciplines. They are expected to serve as inspiration to students and faculty and make connections between academic and business worlds. Wharton will also select several Rowan Fellows for five-year terms to acknowledge and aid Wharton’s most distinguished faculty in their pursuit of innovative research and teaching. Mr. Rowan credits his success to the Wharton faculty’s commitment to cutting-edge business education. This is not the Rowan’s first gift to Wharton and UPenn. Besides supporting Wharton, they have donated to the Institute of Contemporary art, the football program, and Penn Medicine’s Basser Center for BRCA, among others. He stated, â€Å"Carolyn and I are honored to join the vision of the Wharton community and to bring the School’s outstanding students face to face with the most important thinkers of our time. As top Wharton researches advance and shape their fields, they transform the lives of their students, preparing them to make a difference in the business world and beyond.† Marc J. Rowan is a co-founder and Senior Managing Director of Apollo Global Management, LLC, a leading alternative asset manager concentrating on contrarian and value-oriented investments using private equity, credit-oriented capital markets, insurance, and real estate. Mr. Rowan graduated Summa Cum Laude from Wharton with a BS and an MBA in Finance. Do you need help getting into Wharton or any other top business school? Explore our MBA Admissions Consulting Services and work one-on-one with an expert advisor who will help you get ACCEPTED. For 25 years, Accepted has helped business school applicants gain acceptance to top programs. Our outstanding team of MBA admissions consultants features former business school admissions directors and professional writers who have guided our clients to admission at top MBA, EMBA, and other graduate business programs worldwide including Harvard, Stanford, Wharton, Booth, INSEAD, London Business School, and many more.  Want an MBA admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Best MBA Programs: A Guide to Selecting the Right One, a free guide †¢Ã‚  Wharton MBA Class Profile 2019 †¢ Wharton MBA Application Essay Tips Deadlines

Business Ethics - 786 Words

1. Shaw and Barry distinguish two different forms of utilitarianism. What are these two forms? Briefly describe each and use examples. The two forms of utilitarianism are act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism states we must ask ourselves what the consequences of a particular act in a particular situation will be for all those affected. If its consequences bring more net good than those of any alternative course of action, then this action is the right one and the one we should perform. (Shaw and Barry, p. 60) The other form is rule utilitarianism. Rule utilitarianism states the utilitarian standard should be applied not to the individual actions but to moral codes as a whole. The principles that make up the†¦show more content†¦The second principle concerns transfers of already-owned goods from one person to another: how people may legitimately transfer holdings to others and how they may legitimately get holdings from others. If a person possesses a holding because of a legitimate transfer, then he or she is entitled to it. The third principle states that one can justly acquire a h olding only in accord with the two principles previously discussed. If you come by a holding in some other way, you aren’t entitled to it. (Shaw and Barry, p. 114-115) 4. Two main features of John Rawlss theory of distributive justice are particularly important. What are these two features? Describe them. The first feature of John Rawl’s theory of distributive justice is that each individual has a guarantee of certain familiar and fundamental liberties. The second feature is more controversial. The second theory states that social and economic inequalities are justified only if those inequalities benefit the least advantaged members of society. (Shaw and Barry, p 120) 5. What is the MAXIMIN rule for making decisions? The MAXIMIN rule for making decisions states you should select the alternative under which the worst that could happen to you is better than is better than the worst that could happen to you under any other alternative – that is, you should try to maximize the minimum you will receive. (Shaw and Barry, pShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics : Ethics And Business943 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussions in Business is Ethics. Some people believe that the decisions businesses make in interest of the business has no place in ethics and that they are essentially amoral. These businesses believe that their main objective is to simply make a profit and that it does not affect the success of the business. Whereas some businesses believe that they have to take ethics into consideration, in order for their business to be a success. Richard T. De George (1999) states that ethics and business do notRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1471 Words   |  6 PagesReview Nowadays, the concern for business ethics is growing rapidly in the business community around the world. Business ethics are focused on the judgment of decisions taken by managers and their behaviors. The issue regarding these judgments is the norms and cultures that shape these judgments. Business ethics are concerned about the issue, how will the issue be solved and how will it move ahead along the transition analysis as well (Carroll, 2014). Business ethics can be addressed at differentRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1304 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Ethics Varun Shah University of Texas at Dallas Business Ethics Morals are a crucial part of life. Without having principles one would never be able to distinguish the right from wrong and good from evil. Just as it applies to life in general, ethics is an integral part of doing business as well. When we here the term Business Ethics in our work place, we usually do not take it seriously and brush it off saying ‘it’s just a simple set of basic rules like not cheating and so on’. ThisRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesResource A discusses how ethics is crucial in business. There are three key ideas used to understand this. Firstly, making ethically wrong decisions tend to cause more upset than other general mistakes as purposeful unethical actions are not as easily forgiven or forgotten. Secondly, ethics provides businesses with a broader understanding of everything to do with their business. Business ethics is effectively just business it its larger human context. Thirdly, being unethical ca n tarnish the publicRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1064 Words   |  5 Pages　　　　Business Ethics Ethics can be viewed as the rules and values that determine goals and actions people should follow when dealing with other human beings. However, business ethics can be defined as moral principles of a business. It examines moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Generally, it has both normative and descriptive dimensions. Organization practice and career specialization are regarded as normative whereas academics attempting to understand business behaviourRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics757 Words   |  4 Pagesdeciding what to do in certain situations, ethics is what guides an individual to act in a way that is good, or right. Those involved in business settings apply ethics to business situations, known as business ethics. It is expected of businesses, small and large, to follow business ethics. There is a particular framework businesses are to follow. However, the reoccurring news headlines of poor business ethics prove differently. Poor busine ss ethics include bribery, corporate accounting scandalsRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1200 Words   |  5 PagesEthics meaning in simple way for average person is what is right from wrong. According to Chris MacDonald (2010)† Ethics† can be defined as the critical, structured examinations of how we should behave - in particular, how we should constrain the pursuit of self-interest when our actions affect others. â€Å"Business ethics is the applied ethics discipline that address the moral features of commercial activity (Business ethics, 2008).Working in ethical way in business has a lot of benefits which can attractRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Business Ethics Unit 37: National Diploma Assignment brief TASK 1: Scenario: Business ethics - a study of a selected company With growing interest among consumers regarding the business ethics of the businesses brands that consumers buy, Westminster council wants to conduct an independent review of some of the organisations that sell their goods and services in the borough. You have been asked to select one of the following brands and conduct research into their business ethics. Read MoreThe Ethics Of The Business Ethics1431 Words   |  6 Pages BUSINESS ETHICS INTRODUCTION:- Presentation Ethics are exceptionally regular and essential good esteem that helps us to take the right choice where we think that it hard to pick between our own advantages and the correct thing to do. We are going to talk about three sections of morals Behavioral morals, Bounded ethicality and last one is irreconcilable situation. As from the names of these parts of morals, its verging on clarifying the significance of it. It clarifies why great individualsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics Essay2711 Words   |  11 PagesBusiness Ethics Business ethics is a type of professional ethics or applied ethics which examines moral problems and ethical principles that come up in a corporate environment. It is applied to every aspect of conducting business. According to Milton Friedman, a company has the responsibility to generate as much revenue as it can while still conforming to the basic rules that society has set. These rules include the ones embodied in customs as well as in law. Similarly, Peter Drucker stated that

The Classical Definition of a Tyrant

A tyrant—also known as a basileus or king—in ancient Greece meant something different from our modern concept of a  tyrant as simply a cruel and oppressive despot. A tyrant was little more than an autocrat or leader who had overturned an existing regime of a Greek polis and was, therefore, an illegitimate ruler, a usurper. They even had some measure of popular support, according to Aristotle. Before Turannoi Were Tyrants: Rethinking a Chapter of Early Greek History, by Greg Anderson, suggests that because of this confusion with modern tyranny, the perfectly good Greek word should be removed from scholarship on early Greece. Peisistratus (Pisistratus) was one of the most famous of the Athenian tyrants. It was after the fall of the sons of Peisistratus that Cleisthenes and democracy came to Athens. Aristotle and Tyrants In his article, The First Tyrants in Greece, Robert Drews paraphrases Aristotle as saying that the tyrant was a degenerate type of monarch who came to power because of how insufferable the aristocracy was. The people of the demos, fed up, found a tyrant to champion them. Drews adds that the tyrant himself had to be ambitious, possessing the Greek concept of philotimia, which he describes as ​the  desire for power and prestige. This quality is also common to the modern version of the self-serving tyrant. Tyrants were sometimes preferred to aristocrats and kings. The article, ÃŽ ¤Ã Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š. The Semantics of a Political Concept from Archilochus to Aristotle, by Victor Parker says the first use of the term tyrant comes from the mid-seventh century B.C., and the first negative use of the term, about a half-century later or perhaps as late as the second quarter of the sixth. Kings vs. Tyrants A tyrant could also be a leader who ruled without having inherited the throne; thus, Oedipus marries Jocasta to become tyrant of Thebes, but in reality, he is the legitimate heir to the throne: the king (basileus). Parker says the use of tyrannos is common to a  tragedy in preference to basileus, generally synonymously, but sometimes negatively. Sophocles writes that hubris begets a tyrant or tyranny begets hubris. Parker adds that for Herodotus, the term tyrant and basileus are applied to the same individuals, although Thucydides (and Xenophon, on the whole) distinguishes them along the same lines of legitimacy as we do. Greg Anderson argues that before the 6th century there was no difference between the tyrannos or tyrant and the legitimate oligarchic ruler, both aiming to dominate but not subvert the existing government. He says that the construct of the age of tyrant was a figment of the late archaic imagination. Sources Before Turannoi Were Tyrants: Rethinking a Chapter of Early Greek History, by Greg Anderson; Classical Antiquity, (2005), pp. 173-222. The First Tyrants in Greece, by Robert Drews; Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte, Bd. 21, H. 2 (2nd Qtr., 1972), pp. 129-14 ÃŽ ¤Ã Ã ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š. The Semantics of a Political Concept from Archilochus to Aristotle, by Victor Parker; Hermes, 126. Bd., H. 2 (1998), pp. 145-172.

Racial Tension in American Literature - 1169 Words

Racial tension in American literature 1930’s-1960’s†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœYou know if I was a negro i’d probably think the same way they do’†¨Anderson†¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœIf you were a negro nobody would give a dam what you thought’†¨Ward- Mississippi Burning (1988)†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨During the 1930s-1960s America was a place of racial tension. The blacks and white were not equal. It was a time of black oppression an injustice. These themes are shown †¨ through the texts, ‘The Help‘ by Kathryn Stockett, ‘Mississippi Burning‘ directed by Allan †¨ Parker, ‘To Kill a Mocking Bird‘ by Harper Lee and ‘Caged Bird‘ by Maya Angelon. These †¨ texts depict a society of white supremacy, injustice, opression and fear of the other. White supremacy is depicted throughout the texts with whites having†¦show more content†¦We cannot quite comprehend the situation.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Racism is birthed out of fear of the other. The authors/directors convey that blacks fear whites because they want to stay alive and keep their families. They are afraid of their houses being burnt down (Mississippi Burning), getting hung (To Kill A Mocking Bird), and being acused of crimes that were not committed (The Help). There is a powerful scene in Mississippi Burning when a black man is questioned by an FBI agent about the murder of some young boys committed by the Ku Klux Klan. Fear is shown through his body language as he does not make direct eye contact and appears to sound quite nervous. In the dialogue he repeats ‘please sir i have nothing to say.‘ This captures that he is afraid of speaking against the white men incase his house is burnt and his children witness his murder. Within the texts, the white man fea rs the black because he is scared of losing control and superiority. They justify they are right by saying the blacks have diseases and are a sub specie. In The Help Miss Hilly truly buys into the lie. ‘Its plain dangerous they carry different diseases, i’ll do whatever it takes to protect our children.‘ Similarly in Mississippi Burning a married couple when interviewed state thats ‘niggars‘ do not have the same genetic makeup as a white man. They imply that black people are not human and are to be feared. Racist comments and judgements are still made today because weShow MoreRelatedThe Religious And Theological Dimensions Of Ralph Ellison s The Invisible Theology909 Words   |  4 Pagestheological dimensions of Ralph Ellison’s authorship. Against reductive tendencies of materialist and secular accounts of racial identity, Harriss argues that Ellison’s understanding of race, characterized as an invisible theology in a secular age, makes possible a reconsideration of the relation between race, religion, and secularism. In order to bring the religious aspects of racial life into view, Harriss proceeds along two lines: genealogically, he situates Ellison’s writings in an array of religiousRead MoreLangston Hughes Essay1204 Words   |  5 Pageswith his patriotic voice which he embedded into his literature. One of his most famous poems, I Hear America Singing, touched the heart of the American People by recognizing the many diverse things people did to project their voice in their country. Shortly after Whitmans death, came an intelligant black man named Langston Hughes. Hughes was one of in not the most important writers of The Harlem Renaissance, and his writing directly displayed racial problems our country during his time. One of his mostRead MoreContributions Of Langston Hughes948 Words   |  4 Pagesmillions of African Americans migrated from the rural south to the north in hopes of a better life. Duri ng the Great Migration, black southerners moved to the city of Harlem, New York. The large migration of talented blacks changed the city of Harlem. African Americans had a chance to show what they can do, and many were interested in art music, and literature. African-Americans had amazing talents in all fields: composers, poets, journalists and artists. This gave Africa-Americans the opportunity toRead MoreWhen Faced With The Debate Between The Relationship Between1326 Words   |  6 Pagescame from racial differences. This led to not only slavery, but the growth of racism seen not just in early America but that is deep seeded in many people even today. When reviewing the works of many authors, the argument is that racism was a necessary precursor to chattel slavery holds more weight than the other. Although slavery has many different forms, it was the racial differences and prejudices held by the Europeans that allowed for the growth of chattel slavery. However, these racial preju dicesRead MoreNikki Giovanni: The Princess of Black Poetry Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagestwentieth-century, when Contemporary Literature was emerging from 1960 to present time, it was seen as a product of the post-Second World War situation. Yolande Cornelia â€Å"Nikki† Giovanni was born in Knoxville, Tennessee and raised in Lincoln Heights, an all-black suburb in Cincinnati. Giovanni is one of the most commonly read American poets; her frankness in her writing has brought her a lot of recognition and prominence. Giovanni became the voice of many African Americans, her contribution to the literaryRead More`` Little Scarlet `` By Walter Mosley1488 Words   |  6 Pagesreflects a time when racial tension was strong, discrimination present and prejudice led to violence. The black citizens of South Los Angeles retaliated via the Watt’s Riots in 1965, as a result of countless years of being made to feel as though they had no voice. In my paper I will be exploring the c onnection between the historical oppressions that led up to the events and how todays California is impacted. The 1920s historically was a period of struggle for the African-American community. BlacksRead MoreHuckleberry Finn Too Offensive For School?880 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican-American students† (Hentoff 98). The book did not get removed; in â€Å"1998 Judge Reinhardt wrote: ‘an important part of education is thinking critically about offensive ideas’ † which is just one side of the argument (Hentoff 99). There are two sides of this debate which have valid points and even stronger feelings, to remove Huckleberry Finn or keep it in schools. The pro banning side declares the book has offensive language, racially insensitive, and the book encourages racial tension. The conRead MoreAnalysis Of Nella Larson s Passing, And Amiri Baraka s The Dutchman1502 Words   |  7 PagesMuch of American Literature written in the 1900’s detail the experiences of race within America, being that slavery had only recently been abolished. Society in no way viewed African American’s as equal to white American’s. At this time, blacks were forced to fight to be viewed as a full person, worthy of basic human rights. Nella Larson’s Passing, and Amiri Baraka’s The Dutchman, both call attention to the racial tensions in a post Civil War America, by exposing the manipulation of the endemicRead MoreRacial Prejudice By Langston Hughes990 Words   |  4 PagesIn today’s society, people have many racial prejudices whether they are displayed to the public or not. Racial tensions were even more prevalent in the twentieth century. Langston Hughes was a poet who really tried to bring attention to the growing racial tensions until his death in the late 60s. Throughout his life, Hughes was influenced by the time he grew up in and by his own family; he wrote to free the black culture and literature from racial pride. Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in JoplinRead MoreThe Life Poems of Langston Hughes Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesDuring a time in American History were African Americans had no rights of freedom of speech or even a right to vote. Growing up in many different cities and living with many relatives, Langston Hughes experienced poverty. Langston Hughes used poetry to speak to the people. Langston Hughes is a pioneer of African American literature and the Harlem renaissance error. Mr. Hughes dedicated his poems to the struggles, pride, dreams, and racial injustices of African American people. Langston Hughes

Analysis Case Study Shell Oil Company - 1939 Words

The following analysis evaluates the challenges faced by Royal Dutch Shell Oil Company involving their monumental proposed investment into their Nigerian operations. When global companies experience extreme criticism such as Shell, they are usually tasked with identifying optimum solutions to reverse the negativity. In addition to assessing the challenges, this analysis provides some potential strategies that can be implemented to resolve the issues within this case. Problem Statement Royal Dutch Shell Oil Company proposed to execute the largest industrial investment ever made in Africa. Their proposal was a response to three separate issues. However, there were problems with the proposal. A major problem was that two†¦show more content†¦The Shell joint venture included nearly 100 oil wells, two refineries, and a fertilizer plant all in the area known as Ogoniland. The cultural and social issues involved in this case are extensive and quite complex. Nigeria was a British colony until 1960, and has a population of over 115 million, making it the most populous country in Africa. Nigerias former colonization could have been a key reason why Shell Oil, a British company had such a vested interest in the country. Nigerias government has the serious challenge with trying to unite 250 different ethnic and linguistic groups. An interesting issue with the Nigerian culture is that the country continued to be wiling to sell almost unlimited oil supplies, even though their reserves were not nearly as ample as countries such as Saudi Arabia, which is more prone to limit supplies. Additional cultural and social issues included the problems that native Ogonis had with Shell Oil Company. Even though Shell used the land in this area to run their operations, very little of the revenues were reinvested to help maintain the land. As a result of the lack of attention given to Ogoniland, a group of natives led by author Kenule Saro-Wiwa, formed the Movement for the Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP). MOSOP began campaigning for a greater share of oil revenues to restore the environment of Ogoniland, and compensation for losses fromShow MoreRelatedSWOT Analysis of Shell in Nigeria1364 Words   |  5 PagesOverview of Shell and Operations - Shell is a group of energy and petrochemicals companies, which are operating in more than 140 countries and territories. The Royal Dutch/Shell Group, commonly know as Shell, is an amalgam of over 1,700 companies all over the world. 60% of the Group is owned by Royal Dutch of the Netherlands, and 40% is owned by the Shell Transport and Trading Group of Great Britain. These two companies have worked together since 1903. Shell includes companies like Shell PetroleumRead MorePaper581 Words   |  3 Pagesstructure of Royal Dutch/Shell Group. Does it differ from the equity listings of other companies that you know? These equity listings are different from companies such as BP and Exxon. All subsidiary companies’ shares were held by the Group Holding Companies in the ratio of 60/40 (Royal Dutch/Shell). The corporate structure is outlined in the figure below. Individuals and Institutions Individuals and Institutions Royal Dutch Petroleum Company Netherlands 60% The â€Å"Shell† Transport and CoRead MoreShell Fracking1615 Words   |  7 Pages How has Shell s new business strategy of Fracking affected sales growth and how will it affect the profit growth going forward? (not done) Word Count:____ Introduction: Royal Dutch Shell or Shell, which it is commonly called, is a global company which seeks to be the leader in the gas and oil industry. Founded in 1907, Shell’s mission is to deliver the best value to its shareholders, while helping to meet energy demands all around the world. In addition to its roleRead MoreSwot Analysis : Oil And Gas Industry1213 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Oil and Gas Industry is one of the oldest industries in the world. This industry plays a crucial role for the survival of mankind on this earth. It is tough to imagine life without the products of oil and gas companies. The ExxonMobil is one of the largest companies in the oil and gas industry. This company had experienced ups and own in its journey from beginning till now. In this regard this paper discusses about the Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis for ExxonMobilRead MoreAssessment Of Shell s Corporate Social Responsibility1367 Words   |  6 Pagesin the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria Executive Summary Oil for over a decade has been the main source of income for the Nigerian economy. It accounts for more than 70% of export.The Niger Delta region of Nigeria has been plagued with different negative effects of oil exploration. The environment, economy and even quality of human life have been greatly affected. This has created a lack of trust between the inhabitants and the oil companies, and even with the Nigerian government. Corporate SocialRead MoreChiquita Csr Case Study1528 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis: Litigation Chiquita This case study deals primarily with the issue of litigation. The case study focuses especially on litigation concerned with U.S. companies being held accountable in U.S. courts for their actions and influences in foreign countries. The main company highlighted within the case study is Chiquita, the largest employer of banana workers in Latin America. This analysis will dive deeper into the actual issue of litigation and will focus on the Alien Tort StatuteRead MoreConducting a Strategic Management Project2786 Words   |  12 Pagesassignment Conducting a strategic management project COMPANY: SHELL Introduction Shell is one of the world s leading energy group and petrochemicals companies. It has around102000 employees in more than 100 countries. The objectives of the Shell Group are to engage efficiently, responsibly and profitably in oil, oil products, gas, chemicals and other selected businesses and to participate in the search for and development of other sources of energy to meet evolving customer needs and theRead MoreA Research Study On Scenario Planning1567 Words   |  7 Pagesscenario (Nelson, 2014). Corporations such as Shell pioneered scenario planning in the 1970s as they realised traditional tools of forecasting became strategically dangerous as the environment began to destabilize in the 1950s (Nelson, 2014). Shell use scenarios at three levels to analyse the uncertainties in the environment from a; global, country and business perspective. Shell used scenario planning to look broadly at the impact the price of oil could have, and develop stories that could challengeRead MoreThe Shell Oil Company: Fuel Oil Cargo Transportation Cost Minimization1911 Words   |  8 PagesSTRAYER UNIVERSITY THE SHELL OIL COMPANY: FUEL OIL CARGO TRANSPORTATION COST MINIMIZATION A TERM PAPER SUBMITTED TO PROFESSOR FARAMARZ FATHNEZHAD, PH.D. QUANTITATIVE METHODS FOR BUSINESS MAT540 007016 WINTER 2006 BY ALPHARD VICTOR T. ROMERO ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA MARCH 2006 Contents Chapter 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 2. The Case Of Shell Oil Company†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.3 3. The Case Figures And Calculations.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.....Read MoreEssay on Shell Company Oil Spills in Nigeria4561 Words   |  19 Pagesï » ¿ SHELL COMPANY OIL SPILLS IN NIGERIA By MOHAMMAD MOHIB SIDDIQI H00034532 Executive Summary Shell is one of the global energy and petroleum companies around the world. The strategy of Shell Company is to generate more profit for the organization and to move forward the business investments so that Shell Company is sustaining a competitive situation in the Global market and to provide revenues to the shareholders by meeting

Bmw Films Free Essays

Decision Problem The primary issue faced by Jim McDowell is what to do for his next marketing campaign. He will need to decide what direction BMW will take in order to stay current in the target market and position the brand as the leader in the luxury car industry. A sub issue that Jim is facing is that in order for BMW to stand out compare to the competition, it must be at the forefront of the marketing trend. We will write a custom essay sample on Bmw Films or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is always pressure on innovative marketing campaigns as a bad campaign can lead to severe damage in the company image and reputation. Decision Alternatives There are a number of alternatives that Jim faces when deciding in what direction to move with the BMW marketing campaign. Develop more short films and build a big series out of it. Develop a full length movie for the theatres Do nothing to the existing campaign and move on to develop a new campaign To continue to use the existing BMW films plus developing a new campaign Creating new films on the heels of the original films plus developing a new campaign Develop a full length movie plus developing a new campaign In order to decide the best alternative it is important to look at some key decision criteria. In this case the important factors would be: delivery time, risk, cost, competitive advantage, ease of implementation. Analysis of Industry In the luxury car segment, BMW and Mercedes have stand strong against the strong competition from Japan like Acura, Lexus, Infiniti. In year 2001, BMW is second best luxury car seller, just behind Lexus amount the other ten major luxury brands. However, BMW only ranked 8th in media expenditures, which again proved the great success on their innovative campaign. In terms of customer loyalty, luxury brand customers do tend to stay among the top brands and are very loyal. There are always customers who switch from BMW to Mercedes or the other way around. Since BMW has the competitive advantage of a younger clientele, it is very important for BMW to create marketing campaign to young adult so they can look forward to own a BMW when they can afford one. Analysis of Company Evaluation of Alternatives Alternative #1, 2, and 3 should only be considered as a short term alternative that can achieve quick beneficial results with no long term prospects because all the alternatives evolve around the same film concept, which eventually will wear out and target audience will not be interested in it anymore. Alternative #4 takes into account with BMW’s long term goal, to be the leader in the industry with innovative campaigns. However, developing a new concept takes time and research before implementation, therefore some immediate alternatives needs to be done before the new campaign kicks in. Alternative #5, 6, or 7 will achieve that goal. Alternative #5 Introduce the BMW films to new markets that may have missed the online films during the campaign period will enable BMW to entice an entirely new segment. By showing the films throughother mediums, BMW will be able to reach a wider audience plus raising the brand awareness. Since this campaign is so successful and unique, BMW can also produce DVD and make itas a collectible item. This alternative is easy to implement, low cost to run, low risk as the campaign is already running with huge success with good reputation. However, other companies may copy the idea and there is a chance that BMW will lose its competitive advantage as the films are getting overly exposed to the original audiences that BMW targeted during the initial campaign period. Therefore, developing another campaign while this is running is necessary in order to achieve BMW’s long term marketing goal. Alternative #6 The other option would be to follow up with another series of films on the heels of the original films. BMW would want to keep the number of films low to try and blend them into the successful original films and not to market them as another series of short films. This alternative will require some time to prepare, and the cost will be much higher in comparison to Alternative #5, which will make it harder as BMW will need more resources in creating a new campaign at the same time. It is easy to implement as all the ground works are in place from the previous films. However, this alternative will have a higher risk than other options due to the high anticipation of BMW to produce high quality films. If any of the film receives negative feedbacks, BMW will risk losing out on the campaign inwhole, plus the reputation of the series. BMW will still keep its competitive advantage with this alternative as they are still the one who leads the marketing trend. Alternative #7 Creating a full length movie can be the next big campaignfor BMW. It is a new approach and will make the brand stand out of all others. The target audience is also much wider in comparison to the initial campaign. It will take a long time to implement, and not as easy as short films because a full length film is more complicated in terms of plot and production. The cost will also go veryhigh that may use up all of BMW’s resources in marketing. It is a two sided sword because if BMW is not placed enough in the film there is no difference in doing product placement in the James Bond movie series; meanwhile if BMW is overly exposed in the film it may create negative feedbacks as it will look like an hour long commercial. The interest level of audience will also be much lower in watching a long commercial than a short film. Decision Criteria Chart Here is the chart for the best 3 alternatives: (X? low score, XXX? high score) Recommendation Based on the analysis above it is evident that the appropriate course of action is to utilize the existing movies in the short term while developing a new full scale marketing plan in the background. By utilizing the existing films BMW will be able to quickly get to market films that they have already completed. They will ride the coat tails of the internet marketing, however by introducing the films to another target markets, BMW will hopefully build on the impact created by the original films. There is relatively low risk to this model because BMW has already invested in the films and by using different mediums to convey their message it is likely that an entirely new market segment will appreciate the films as the original audience did. Although the potential payback may not as great as some off the wall innovative idea, the concept behind releasing the films to a different audience should allow more time and resources to develop another new campaign. If there are enough resources, BMW can also consider creating 1 or 2 more films to avoid losing the competitive advantage toward the target audience. How to cite Bmw Films, Papers Bmw Films Free Essays Case Study BMW Films Decision Problem and Issues Statement With the great sales performance and strong brand awareness in U. S. market, BMW has decided to launch a non-traditional advertising campaign via producing s series short films and publishing in BMW’s website, in order to create brand excitement and enhance brand equity thus further strength brand loyalty. We will write a custom essay sample on Bmw Films or any similar topic only for you Order Now The BMW Films marketing campaign turned out to be very successful via generated huge media exposure and receive positive feedback from all website visitors. BMW now needs to make a decision on whether to continue to build on BMW film idea or start looking for new ideas for the next campaign. In addition, BMW faces a variety of sub issues that stem from the major issue: †¢ Strengthen brand image – always focus on strengthening the luxury image of the brand and not lose lead in the luxury market †¢ Stay ahead of the competition – ensure that new marketing ideas are innovative, stylish that provides BMW with a competitive advantage Define the target market for each product line – differentiate each BMW product which caters to different specific target groups in order to further increase the sales volume and market share. Decision Alternatives 1. â€Å"Milk† the existing film campaign – use the existing 5 films to strengthen brand image by focusing on reaching a wider audience 2. Develop more short films – Develop more short films to compliment the originals and continue to build up the mom entum and awareness. 3. Feature film – Develop a feature length movie for theatre audience to further enhance the emotional connection with BMW . Do nothing – move on to a new marketing initiative Decision Criteria The criteria that are important to the alternative analysis are: †¢ Easy to implement †¢ Improvement of luxurious brand image †¢ exposure to all audience especially potential buyers and car lovers †¢ brand recognition as the luxury and quality car maker †¢ Monetary and time investment †¢ Innovative non-traditional idea for communication campaigns Industry Analysis Success in the luxury car industry is characterized by the strength and quality of the product, differentiation of target customer group and uniqueness in brand communication. The luxury car market is a highly competitive market consisting of numerous brands each with a variety of models. Elegance, performance, technology and driving experience are all critical factors in the manufacturer’s success. The threat of brand substitution is high, with each manufacturer offering competitive products positioned for specific market segments, whilst Supplier power in the industry is low as there are many suppliers competing for the luxury manufacturers business. Company Analysis With BMW quality of cars and their previous marketing campaigns, BMW is well positioned to compete in the luxury car market. The company is building a strong product lineup, with additional models added to the core product segments. Through key position in performance they have improved brand loyalty and continue their focus on the â€Å"ultimate driving machine† campaign. This focus has now been expanded to position BMW as â€Å"the most exciting luxury car. † To ensure the company is focusing and satisfying on the customers’ needs, BMW has conducted extensive market research and has worked hard to make the vehicles appeal to the North American market with a wide range of products for a variety of segments and stand out amongst the competition. However, a limited marketing budget makes it difficult for BMW to effectively market to each one of these segments. BMW believes that â€Å"the future belongs to the nimble. † which is central to the cars and the marketing efforts. BMW’s mission is to be the first to figure out what the â€Å"next big thing† in marketing is going to be. Evaluation of Alternatives 1. â€Å"Milk it† – in this situation BMW would use the existing short films and try to expand them to a wider audience. This would be easy for BMW to implement as the films have already been produced. Films could be distributed to existing customers on DVD, or could be shown in theatre as a movie trailer. This option would expose to a wider audience and would promote BMW to more people, it would also reach audience who are used to the traditional TV channel or DVD viewers only, and would continue the success and awareness of the original release. 2. Develop more short films – This alternative would be expensive yet easier to implement because BMW has previous experience and resources in working with short films as a marketing tool and it may continue to build up the awareness. However, some competitors might try to copy this idea so this would not be innovative or stunning anymore. Over time, these films would lose their effectiveness as a marketing medium. Moreover, it will require substantial investment (15 million) which could be used in a different way to improve sales revenue. 3. Feature film – This alternative is one the boldest idea of being the first to market with new marketing initiatives. This is also the hardest alternatives for BMW to implement because of a huge amount of time and money associated with producing a feature film, and BMW has no experience with such an endeavor, although a feature film could strengthen the image as a market leader in the industry. 4. Do nothing, move on – This option is the easiest to implement as there is no immediate action required by BMW. The risk associated with this alternative is that a new idea may not materialize and the competition may be the first to act with new, powerful and more acknowledgeable marketing initiatives. The do nothing strategy is not consistent with BMW marketing strategy, and does nothing to strengthen the brand image or improve market share. Recommendation The recommended course of action for BMW is to â€Å"milk it† (See Appendix 1). BMW should stop creating more films and use their limited budget towards other more innovative ideas to really promote each individual model that they are planning to launch. As can be seen from Appendix 2, except Lincoln, BMW spent the least money per sold unit car among 10 competitors. BMW could consider to slightly increasing the marketing fund but spent in a different and smart way. Besides distributing films to existing customers on DVD and showing in theatre as movie trailer, we would highly encourage BMW to use their marketing budget: 1. To create internal customer appreciation support, such as having appreciation events, inviting their clients to ‘pre-launch† shows, encourage their current customers to share their BMW experience with their friends and families and reward them not with money, but with â€Å"recognition and appreciations†, which would truly make BMW a proud to be own vehicle. . To come up with more staff incentive with their marketing budget because their sales forces are the ones who market their products daily. 3. To participate and to create more kinds of award for their different lines, and add on product features to be promoted over and over again for their target and potential audience to understand what makes a BMW sta nd out more, how is it more innovative and to satisfy a customer’s need on other media channels. 4. To consider â€Å"product placement† in the movie(instead of producing a BMW movie), only if budget allows. Appendix -1 Alternative assessment form for BMW |Easy to implement |Improve brand image|Exposure to reach |Brand recognition |Monetary and time |Innovation on |Total | | | | |more people | |investment |non-traditional idea | | |Alternative 1 â€Å"Milk it†|3. 0 |2. 5 |3. 0 |2. 5 |0 |1. 0 |12. 0 | |Alternative 2 â€Å" |1. 5 |3. 0 |2. |3. 0 |-1. 0 |1. 0 |10. 0 | |Develop more short | | | | | | | | |film† | | | | | | | | |Alternative 3 â€Å"feature|0 |3. 0 |3. 0 |2. 0 |-3. 0 |2. 0 |7. | |film† | | | | | | | | |Alternative 4 â€Å"Do |3. 0 |2. 0 |1. 0 |1. 0 |0 |1. 0 |8. 0 | |nothing† | | | | | | | | Appendix -2 BMW’s competitor media spending/unit car (2001) [pic] How to cite Bmw Films, Papers

Online Test For Cognitive Or Intelligence Tests Essay Sample free essay sample

Online trials for cognitive or mental betterment intents are really made to assist analyse a person’s behavioural capablenesss and restrictions as an person. Likely. the said trials are created to do appraisals on a person’s existent behaviour. With the presented trial in the undermentioned site [ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. essaywriters. net/sys/index. php? rate=20 A ; order=143033 ] . intelligence and emotional stableness are viewed as primary affairs of felicity among human persons today. Intelligibly. this peculiar affair is observed as a major portion with which people are able to estimate how much they are supposed to cover with the different state of affairss that they are confronting in their lives. Harmonizing to the article authored by Adrian Furnham entitled â€Å"TRAIT EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND HAPPINESS† . personality and societal apprehension as to how it really relates to the determinations and the reactions of the people has a strong connexion that links them together as primary identifiers of why and how people are supposed to be happy with their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Test For Cognitive Or Intelligence Tests Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their emotional being is likely a factor that needs to be considered in footings of their being able to confront their life victoriously with happiness even though they are confronting different problems. Consequently. the connexion between emotional intelligence and felicity is strongly pictured through the consequences of such on-line trials as mentioned within the preliminary treatment presented above. Surely. placing human capablenesss through such trials had been probably connoted as an effectual manner to understand human behaviour. It could be observed that such trials were besides utilised to see how much a individual is really able to manage the different problems that he is faced with in his life. His apprehension of himself appears to be one of the most of import issues that is considered faithfully strong in footings of one covering with his ain personal issues that related to his relationship to the society as an person. Mention: Furnham. Adrian. Social Behavior and Personality. 2003. TRAIT EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND HAPPINESS. hypertext transfer protocol: //findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3852/is_200301/ai_n9209294. ( February 29. 2008 ) . Online Cognitive Psychology Test ( Thinking Quiz ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. helpself. com/thinker. htm. ( February 29. 2008 ) .

The Hite Report (1976) A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality Essay Example

The Hite Report (1976): A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality Essay Shere Hite is one of the most influential and controversial figures in sociology scholarship of the last half century. It won’t be an exaggeration to suggest that she is one of the most quoted authors in feminist scholarship; and her most famous work The Hite Report is even popular among lay readers. The Hite Report: A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality was published in 1976. This was followed by The Hite Report on Male Sexuality in 1981 and The Hite Report on the Family in 1994. She is seen as an inspiration and role model for many feminist activists and writers for offering them radical new insights into female sexuality in western society. It is for the same reason that she is ostracized and attacked by conservative sections of western society, especially within the United States. Yet, there is no doubt that her contribution is quite significant in the context of the growth of sociology as a field. A prominent feature of the report is its sprawling style of documenting, which some have criticized for being disorganized, lacking in rigor and being repetitious. Yet, all of these charges can be proved incorrect upon closer scrutiny. Admittedly, her methodology was not as sophisticated as far as modern research methods go. Yet, she tried to make it as comprehensive as possible, by presenting subjects (women) with a detailed questionnaire asking them how they had orgasms. She distributed the questionnaire through post to all places within New York City at first. Later she sent out questionnaires to all across the country. On the whole, she followed an elaborate procedure starting from the first stage of conception and compilation of the questionnaire. This comprehensiveness is also evident in her endeavor to circulate the questionnaire to tens of thousands of subjects all across the country, as well as in the systematic compilation and study of responses she received via post. (Mcke e, 1998, p.40) We will write a custom essay sample on The Hite Report (1976): A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Hite Report (1976): A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Hite Report (1976): A Nationwide Study of Female Sexuality specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To illustrate why the report appears repetitious at places, let us consider one of the questions in the questionnaire circulated to women participants: â€Å"Do you enjoy masturbating?† Hite’s objective is not to get a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer, but to rather qualitatively assess the act of female masturbation. According to the findings of the report, â€Å"Most women said they enjoyed masturbation physically (after all, it did lead to orgasm), but usually not psychologically†¦Psychologically, they felt lonely, guilty, unwanted, selfish, silly, and generally bad. Other words that were frequently used included uncomfortable, adrift, uneasy, pathetic, ashamed, empty, cheap, dirty, self-centered, silly, disgusted and self-conscious.† (The Hite Report, 1976, p.53) Some of the adjectives in this list might come across as repetitious, but they do bring out subtle differences in how women perceive and experience masturbation. Moreover, the surp rising findings of the report serves as a justification for the excess detail presented therein: â€Å"What she found, from the 3,500 women who replied, was that most women were not able to have orgasms through intercourse alone. What she deduced was that the definition of ‘sex’ as intercourse was ‘sexist’ because it was orientated around reproduction and men’s pleasure rather than women’s. She said intercourse should not be considered ‘the’ sex act, but just one way of making love out of many. This was 24 years ago and such has been the impact of her research that it seems a bit trite and obvious now.† (Ind, 2000, p.15) Considering how radical these revelations are about female sexuality, it is understandable why Hite has repeated information in her report. She was trying to cover all angles by presenting questions with subtle variations. This method would ensure that the intended (as against apparent or stated) answers of the participants would be accurately recorded. There are those who criticize her sample size as being limited or selective. Their assertion is that only â€Å"weird women† would reply to an anonymous questionnaire on the topic of sex. Most of these critics belong to the media, yet the laurels Hite had won in leading universities in the country stand testament to the validity of her methods. It also underscores the relevance and veracity of the inferences arrived by her research. (Mckee, 1998, p.40) Hite’s work is truly comprehensive in covering sexuality of women she also includes same-sex relationships. This includes not just lesbian relationships, but also mother-daughter and sister relationships. The detailed nature of her work is justified by the fact that it delves into all facets of women’s sexuality including same-gender relationships. For example, â€Å"from warring sisters, to mothers jealous of their daughters, to female work colleagues at war, The Hite Report on Women Loving Women reveals why women’s relationships with each other so often end in acrimony.† (Hite, 2007, p.70) In the same vein, her research also includes the subject of sexuality in mature women. Her findings in this area were groundbreaking at the time of their publication. It was previously believed that lithe young women in their 20s are the ones who are having all the fun. According to Hite’s survey, â€Å"it’s women in their 40s who are having the best sex of their lives†¦But it’s hardly to do with ‘the railing at the inevitability of death’ and ‘losing our looks’, as psychologists have claimed. It has more to do with pent-up lust and unexpressed emotions; of words unsaid, and the kind of grown-up sex that probably doesn’t happen at home with a partner. It’s like suddenly seeing the light†¦Older women have always known this, but keep pretty quiet about it because of the mud that is hurled at them if they speak out. A quick glance at the history of female sexuality reveals the roots of this potent taboo†¦.† (The Hite Report, 1976, p.86) To the question ‘How does age affect female sexuality?’, a broad range of answers were received from the participants. Some of the responses began like these â€Å"I feel that I could give two sets of answers to these questions†¦, I would also like to have seen questions asked on ethics – what moral imperatives have we laid on ourselves†¦, At fifty, I have come not to look or hope for an ideal. I think I have poor judgment in men, and besides, no man has seriously approached me in years†¦, I am sure I have loved. I am not sure they were healthy relationships†¦, etc† (The Hite Report, 1976, p.405) We can see that some of these answers overlap at places. In other words, just as there is divergence in responses there is also consensus on some aspects. To learn what these common experiences are, the author had to accommodate a broad sample size at the cost of making the report repetitious and detailed at places.

Sample Essay For the Story of an Hour

Sample Essay For the Story of an HourAre you ready to learn how to write a sample essay literary analysis for the story of an hour? Do you have a favorite story in which the protagonist is still young but already a legend, one whose heroism continues even after his death? Do you remember the spark in his eyes as he penned those first words in his journal?It is a crime to not be moved by a crime or a mystery novel. They say that to be caught in the suspense of a murder mystery novel is like riding a roller coaster. You are enjoying yourself even while you are looking down on others.The second type of sample essay that you can use is the cautionary tale. There are millions of novels written every year in this genre. You can spend all day listening to the stories told in them. Just remember that if it is done well, these can be very engaging to read and will provide you with a chuckle while you are reading.One of the best parts about writing a cautionary tale is that it is something tha t is specifically created for children. Because of this fact, there is a certain innocence in the story which means that many parents will love it. You can even incorporate cautionary tales into your own, meaning that there will be no rules or limits to how far the story goes.Once you decide which type of story you want to put down on paper, the next thing to do is to determine how much you will write. Most writers don't have a limit. They simply don't think about how much they are going to write because of the amount of fun that they can get out of it. However, do not feel pressured to go over your allotted space because it will not make it any better.The last thing to remember is that when you are writing a sample essay for the story of an hour, you must use a standard form and structure. You want the reader to remember your essay.If you forget this in the beginning, there will be a problem. Try to write an essay once a week and then a story once a month, at the same time, in orde r to increase your effectiveness.

Analysis of The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin

Analysis of The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour  by American author Kate Chopin is a mainstay of feminist literary study. Originally published in 1894, the story documents the complicated reaction of Louise Mallard upon learning of her husbands death. It is difficult to discuss The Story of an Hour without addressing the ironic ending. If you havent read the story yet, you might as well, as its only about 1,000 words. The Kate Chopin International Society is kind enough to provide a free, accurate version. At the Beginning, News That Will Devastate  Louise At the beginning of the story, Richards and Josephine believe they must break the news of Brently Mallards death to Louise Mallard as gently as possible. Josephine informs her in broken sentences; veiled hints that revealed in half concealing. Their assumption, not an unreasonable one, is that this unthinkable news will be devastating to Louise and will threaten  her weak heart. A Growing Awareness of Freedom Yet something even more unthinkable lurks in this story: Louises growing awareness of the freedom she will have without Brently. At first, she doesnt consciously allow herself to think about this freedom. The knowledge reaches her wordlessly and symbolically, via the open window through which she sees the open square in front of her house. The repetition of the word open emphasizes possibility and a lack of restrictions. Patches of Blue Sky Amid the Clouds The scene is full of energy  and hope. The trees are all aquiver with the new spring of life, the delicious breath of rain is in the air, sparrows are twittering, and Louise can hear someone singing a song in the distance. She can see patches of blue sky amid the clouds. She observes these patches of blue sky without registering what they might mean. Describing Louises gaze, Chopin writes, It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought. If she had been thinking intelligently, social norms might have prevented her from such a heretical recognition. Instead, the world offers her veiled hints that she slowly pieces together without even realizing she is doing so. A Force Is Too Powerful to Oppose In fact, Louise resists the impending awareness, regarding it fearfully. As she begins to realize what it is, she strives to beat it back with her will. Yet its force is too powerful to oppose. This story can be uncomfortable to read because, on the surface, Louise seems to be glad that her husband has died. But that isnt quite accurate. She thinks of Brentlys kind, tender hands and the face that had never looked save with love upon her, and she recognizes that she has not finished weeping for him. Her Desire for Self-Determination But his death has made her see something she hasnt seen before and might likely never have seen if he had lived: her desire for self-determination. Once she allows herself to recognize her approaching freedom, she utters the word free over and over again, relishing it. Her fear and her uncomprehending stare are replaced by acceptance and excitement. She looks forward to years to come that would belong to her absolutely. She Would Live for Herself In one of the most important passages of the story, Chopin describes Louises vision of self-determination. Its not so much about getting rid of her husband as it is about being entirely in charge of her own life, body and soul. Chopin writes: There would be no one to live for her during those coming years; she would live for herself. There would be no powerful will bending hers in that blind persistence with which men and women believe they have a right to impose a will upon a fellow-creature. Note the phrase men and women. Louise never catalogs  any specific offenses Brently has committed against her; rather, the implication seems to be that marriage can be stifling for both parties. The Irony of Joy That Kills When Brently Mallard enters the house alive and well in the final scene, his appearance is utterly ordinary. He is a little travel-stained, composedly carrying his grip-sack and umbrella. His mundane appearance contrasts greatly with Louises feverish triumph and her walking down the stairs like a goddess of Victory. When the doctors determine that Louise died of heart disease of joy that kills, the reader immediately recognizes the irony. It seems clear that her shock was not joy over her husbands survival, but rather distress over losing her cherished, newfound freedom. Louise did briefly experience joy the joy of imagining herself in control of her own life. And it was the removal of that intense joy that led to her death.

Sui Dynasty Emperors of China

Sui Dynasty Emperors of China During its short reign, Chinas Sui Dynasty reunited northern and southern China for the first time since the days of the early Han Dynasty  (206 BCE - 220 CE). China had been mired in the instability of the Southern and Northern Dynasties period until it was unified by Emperor Wen of Sui.  He ruled from the traditional capital at Changan (now called Xian), which the Sui renamed Daxing for the first 25 years of their reign, and then Luoyang for the last 10 years. Accomplishments of the Sui Dynasty The Sui Dynasty brought a great number of improvements and innovation to its Chinese subjects.  In the north, it resumed work on the crumbling Great Wall of China, extending the wall and shoring up the original sections as a hedge against nomadic Central Asians.  It also conquered northern Vietnam, bringing it back under Chinese control. In addition, Emperor Yang ordered the construction of the Grand Canal, linking Hangzhou to Yangzhou and north to the Luoyang region.  Although these improvements may have been necessary, of course, they required a huge amount of tax money and compulsory labor from the peasantry, which made the Sui Dynasty less popular than it might otherwise have been. In addition to these large-scale infrastructure projects, the Sui also reformed the land-ownership system in China. Under the Northern Dynasties, aristocrats had amassed large tracts of agricultural land, which was then worked by tenant farmers.  The Sui government confiscated all of the lands, and redistributed it evenly to all of the farmers in what is called the equal field system.  Each able-bodied male received about 2.7 acres of land, and able-bodied women received a smaller share.  This boosted the Sui Dynastys popularity somewhat among the peasant class but angered the aristocrats who were stripped of all their property.   Mysteries of the Time and Culture The second ruler of Sui, Emperor Yang, may or may not have had his father murdered.  In any case, he returned the Chinese government to the Civil Service Examination system, based on the work of Confucius.  This angered the nomadic allies that Emperor Wen had cultivated, because they did not have the tutoring system necessary to study Chinese classics, and thus were blocked from attaining government posts. Another cultural innovation of the Sui era as the governments encouragement of the spread of Buddhism.  This new religion had recently moved into China from the west, and the Sui rulers Emperor Wen and his empress converted to the Buddhism before the conquest of the south.  In 601 CE, the emperor distributed relicts of the Buddha to temples around China, following in the tradition of Emperor Ashoka of Mauryan India. The Short Run of Power In the end, the Sui Dynasty only held on to power for about 40 years.  In addition to angering every one of its constituent groups with the different policies mentioned above, the young empire bankrupted itself with an ill-planned invasion of the Goguryeo Kingdom, on the Korean Peninsula.  Before long, men were crippling themselves to avoid being conscripted into the army and sent to Korea.  The huge cost in money and in men killed or injured proved the Sui Dynastys undoing.   After Emperor Yangs assassination in 617 CE, three additional emperors ruled over the next year and a half as the Sui Dynasty crumbled and fell. The Sui Dynasty Emperors of China Emperor Wen, personal name Yang Jian, the Kaihuang Emperor, ruled 581-604Emperor Yang, personal name Yang Guang, the Daye Emperor, r. 604-617Emperor Gong, personal name Yang You, the Yining Emperor, r. 617-618Yang Hao, no era name, r. 618Emperor Gong II, Yang Tong, the Huangtai Emperor, r. 618-619 For more information, see the complete list of Chinese dynasties.

Practical 1 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Practical 1 - Assignment Example Annealing process effects on mechanical properties of the sample’s test strain properties. The material loses its ductility during the cold rolling process. Anneal strengthening effect or toughness of the material under investigation (copper) increases in degree of prior cold work and the corresponding annealing. The ability of crystalline material to plastically deform depends on the ability for dislocation movement within copper. When the movement of dislocations is impeded, the material is strengthened. This is achieved through a number of ways such as; Strain hardening or work-hardening or cold working is a process that makes copper harder and stronger through plastic deformation. As it is plastically deformed, dislocations move as additional dislocations are produced. As dislocation within the material increases, the grains interact and become pinned or tangled. As a result, there is decreased grain mobility of dislocations as the material is strengthened. Ductility increases with the grain size, as the strength decreases. Atomic diffusion occurs as temperature increases and it releases internal strain energy. Since atoms are not fixed in a position but move once they have enough energy to break their bonds, diffusion increases rapidly with the increase in temperature. This allows the atoms to move to unrestrained positions and recover a normal position in lattice structure. This is the recovery phase and leads to adjustment of strain. In the annealing process, the test sample was performed in 1000Â ºC capacity furnace. It was observed that the hardness of the copper sample increased with gradual increase in reduction in cross-sectional area. This is due to strain hardening. The maximum value of hardness was obtained at 117HB 40% reduction in area. Understanding of mechanical deformation properties ensures efficient stress relieving procedures. Thickness of material affects the hardness of the material. It is observed from the experiment that

Relativism and Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Relativism and Morality - Essay Example From this research it is clear that violation of another human being and to society with the taking of a life is universally wrong; it cannot be comprehended nor excused except in very few cases where violence begets violence. Warfare and the making of war between factions can be said to be racially motivated, territorial motivated, self-interest motivated, religiously motivated and politically motivated. None of these reasons present a strong enough argument to be the deciding faction which starts a conflict such as war. Responding in like becomes a very difficult position to be in for all of society. Taking quick action such as Goodman suggests would seem to be the best choice to avoid the mass murder of millions in a tense situation but look how we have responded to 9/11, a conflict that is still going on despite the death of the leader the United States initially sought. War unites and disunites people unlike any other act. Terrorist usually have a purpose or message behind their violent acts of destruction though these messages and purpose are immediately discounted when the act becomes violent and takes human lives that should be valued above all other considerations. Terrorism uses media sensation to gain national attention to a group or faction self-interested purpose, policy, religion, or idea. Media must take some responsibility in ascribing so much coverage and attention as to elicit repeats of similar behavior though citizens want to know what is going, regardless of their opinion on the issue. By our very actions we further feed the terrorist’s actions and it is a repetitious cycle.... Terrorist usually have a purpose or message behind their violent acts of destruction though these messages and purpose are immediately discounted when the act becomes violent and takes human lives that should be valued above all other considerations. Terrorism uses media sensation to gain national attention to a group or faction self-interested purpose, policy, religion, or idea. Media must take some responsibility in ascribing so much coverage and attention as to elicit repeats of similar behavior though citizens want to know what is going, regardless of their opinion on the issue. By our very actions we further feed the terrorist’s actions and it is a repetitious cycle. Human trafficking and slavery are just as deeply wrong, though I would imagine for the one being enslaved there must be periods of time that are so hateful that they are only thankful to be alive and not much else. It is pointed out that drugs, which are extremely scrutinized and resisted by the United States are sold merely once, while human beings can be sold repeatedly. Incest and human trafficking are to a much greater degree fundamentally wrong while polygamy can be situational. I disagree with Goodson’s views in this area, he uses the statement that polygamy diminishes intimacy and trust and transforms the nature of marriage which I believe that once again he is relying on language and communication as relationship factors, and societal standards which as his whole paper describes are obviously seriously out of order and frequently wrong because as a society we are extremely divide. I do not feel it is a morally wrong act to be a polygamist unless it involves minors marrying or situations that preclude to incest or child endangerment. Rape and clitoridectomy distorts

BOH Tea And Consumer Behavior

BOH Tea And Consumer Behavior BOH Plantation Sdn Bhd was found by John Archibald Russell in the year 1929, together with A.B. Milne, a veteran in tea planting from Ceylon they succeeded in obtaining a concession of land in Cameron Highland in order to start the tea plantation business. Together the duo transforms steep jungles slopes into a tea garden known as BOH Plantations, which is the 1st highland tea garden in the country. BOH Plantations business begins to bloom and currently is the leading tea grower in the country. The plantation expanded and owns four tea gardens, of which three is located 5000 ft above sea level and is situated in Cameron Highlands, and the fourth is centralizing in Bukit Cheeding, Selangor. Collectively, the gardens size in total is 1200ha. BOH Plantation has been firmly entrenched that most Malaysia drinks BOH tea moe re than any other brand. BOH tea are available in 3 different forms ( tea packets, tea bags, tea dust). The company currently produces 4 million kg of tea in a year. Malaysian consumes 10million kg of tea which makes BOH tea largest producer locally of black tea, in terms of cuppage, BOH tea produces about 5.5 million per day which almost meets 50% of tea consumption requirement in the country. The success story of BOH Plantation continues to be Malaysias leading brand in tea and is also exporting to Brunei, Japan, Singapore, United Arab Emirates and also the US. Consumer Decision Process BOH tea Consumer Decision Process is basically known as a cognitive process. Consumer is aware of a need or wants and search for possible ways to satisfy it. Awareness of consumer is not an automatic process; it is actually selective external procedure. Example, consumers are expose to thousands of messages that persuades them from advertising, political organization, religious groups , food products and many more other resources. This mass information that seeks out consumer attention then filtered out by individual in order to make the decision in buying a product. In order for a consumer to purchase a product, he or she has to go through the 5 stages of consumer decision process. These 5 stages of consumer decision making process are very important for consumer to make an accurate decision in satisfying their needs and wants. The stages flow in sequence beginning with problem recognition and ending with post-purchase evaluation. The 5 stages are as graph above: Problem Recognition Information Search Evaluation and Selection of Alternatives Decision Implementation Post-purchase Evaluation Problem Recognition The consumer decision process begins when a consumer is aware of satisfying their needs or wants. Example, Jason might need a new football shoe to replace the old depreciated one or Sarah need s a new computer to replace the her old want which is not performing as well as it was before. These kind of problem shows that consumer have recognized and identify their problem such as actual state and desired state. BOH tea inspires the consumer by tackling the health benefits of drinking tea and how BOH provides quality and innovative tea products. For the past decade, health benefits have caught the attention of the wide coverage of media. Numerous studies have shown that the antioxidant polyphenols of tea has the anti-cancer properties and also able to reduce the risk of gastric, and also skin cancer. This health benefits has increase the demand of tea in the market. Prevention is better than cure; this statement has drive consumers to seek for solution in reducing the chance of getting sick and that is mainly the problem face by consumer. This is where tea becomes the problem solver. This is where BOH tea as Malaysian leading brand provides with high quality tea that satisfies and produce a healthier lifestyle for the consumer in Malaysia. Tea may protect cancer caused by smoking Tea drinker has lower blood pressure Green, Black and Oolong tea Tea can lower cholesterol level and protect against heart diseases Tea believed to boost the bodys defense system Health benefits from consuming tea (http://www.2basnob.com/health-benefits-of-tea.html) Information Research When consumers identify a problem, they will find ways to solve the problems. Example, Sarah would pay more attention to product information of a personal computer. She will be more aware and attentive towards computer advertisement, friends choice of computer brand, and online information regarding different brand of computer. In the process of gathering this information , Sarah as a consumer will began to learn more about the brands of computers that compete in the market and their features and characteristic that satisfy the needs and wants of various consumer. However, awareness itself is not strong enough to guarantee the continuation of process decision making, unless he or she believes that there is a solution to solve their problem. If high level of involvement is engagement, consumer will advance to seek more resources regarding the product that they want. Internal and external search take place within consumer memory system. In the case of BOH tea, since it is the leading t ea brand in Malaysia it is important to strengthen the brands leadership by capturing the attention of consumer through innovative tea products. BOH tea has to provide extensive information about their quality and innovative tea products, in order for consumer to obtain knowledge of their tea easily Internal Research Internal research is an attempt to seek information in the form of pre-existing knowledge such as attitudes and beliefs of the problem. However, if the problem is new to the consumer, then it is inadequate to make the decision making and external research is a necessity. This research is not entirely resourceful because consumer might be unable to recall the reason of purchasing the product or opinion made during the consumption process. In order for BOH tea to leave a good impression, their catchy phrase ada Ummph which literally means more than words can describe kind of feeling to show the great quality of tea that is produce by BOH tea. This phrase will strongly register the brands name in the mind of consumer, so that the next time they want to purchase tea, BOH tea will be their 1st choice as the ada Ummph phrase shows that consumer will never regret in consuming their tea . External Research External research provides more resourceful information from organization, friends, families, society and many more. Consumer are willing to access for secondary information from online resources, advertisement, brochures and many more in order to provide them with the excess knowledge to purchase the computer of their choice. Tea drinker in Malaysia will not escape the attention of BOH tea, as their product can be obtained from most retail outlets. BOH tea has also promoted their tea in the form of newspaper advertisement, television commercial, and also campaigns. BOH tea promotes their tea with bonding with love ones by creating moments of togetherness with loved ones. This is to show that a cup of tea can unite everyone together without any restriction . All this information plays an important role in the mental processing of the mind which includes short term and long-term memory storage. Example, information gain regarding the personal computer will only be in Sarahs mind for a brief moment if it is not stored in the long -term storage. Once Sarah stores it in the long term storage, she will be able to recall the characteristic of the computers brands and make the decision making without it being lost in a minute. Three main operation takes place in the memory so that the information can be retrieve later on Rehearsal Mental repetition of product information. Example, BOH tea ade Ummph phrase remind consumer of their good quality of tea Encoding Information interprets which allows long-term storage. Example, consumer will register the types of tea products so that consumer can pick the choice that they like. Storage Information stored in long-term memory. Example, when it comes to tea consumption, Malaysian consumer will remember BOH tea, as the tea with high quality and creates bonding between family members. Graph below shows the choice that is choice that has to be made by Sarah after obtaining the desired information that is needed by her. Computer brands that is aware by Sarah. Example, Acer, Apple, Compaq, Dell, HP, Sony, and Toshiba Subset of computer brands that is aware by Sarah in the market Affordable and high performance brands will be Sarahs best choice of purchasing a computer. Example, Dell and Acer which is affordable and high performance With more information, only selective few strong candidates are remain Choice Set Sarah might make her decision on a Dell computer because it is cheaper and long lasting compared to Sony which is too expensive and unaffordable Brands that satisfy her buying criteria of a computer. Example, the price is affordable and high performance Evoke / Consideration set Awareness Set Evaluation and Selection of Alternatives The following step allows the consumer to evaluate the brands from the information that is obtained. However, there is no specific evaluation process is applied by all consumer in buying situation. Thus, consumers sees product as a bundle of attributes such as the need, benefits, and attributes in order to make the right decision that satisfy their needs and wants. This bundle of attributes is actually a products objective and subjective factors. Objective factor BOH tea provides high quality tea that provides health benefits Subjective factors Comparison of BOH Tea and Lipton tea, BOH tea being the outstanding as product is a national brand. It is also cheap and easily obtain. Purchase Decision Purchasing the brand BOH tea satisfies the entire spectrum of the non-alcoholic beverage in Malaysia and encourages tea to be consumed including, cold, instant, traditional or in any other form that is preferred by consumer. This satisfies the consumer by providing choice of tea consumption according to their taste This is the stage where consumer has decided which brand of product that he or she wants after a making comparison with all the availability of product brands. Consumer will then have to select 2 specific elements which is purchasing the brand choice and purchasing time. Purchasing Time Product can be purchase in most retail outlet in the form of packages. Consumer can also buy it in bundle during promotion period too. Post purchase evaluation In this stage the level of purchase involvement of consumer is very important, it is often known as the level of concern for or interest in the purchase and heavily depends on the extensive information that is seek by the consumer in making a purchase decision. Low purchase involvement process Example, suppose if a buyer buys a certain brand of product (e.g., BOH tea) as a matter of habit, this means the drink is a low purchase involvement situation and consumers do not have to evaluate and seek information extensively. This case consumer will simply buy and consume the product and generates a high level of repeating the same purchase of product. Graph above shows low involvement purchase process that takes place. The benefit of low purchase involvement process is BOH tea has become consumers loyal brand for tea consumption products as repeat purchase has been taking place from time to time. However, if the level of purchase is high and the consumer is involved in extensive decision making, consumer will be more likely to face a more elaborated post-purchase evaluation. High Purchase Involvement process This graph shows that there is a post-purchase dissonance where consumer are unable to commit to the decision of choosing the brand that they want and it will create anxiety among consumers as it is difficult to make alternatives choices. In order for consumer to reduce this dissonance, consumer has to make approaches such as to increase the desirability of the brand that they want to purchase and reject the desirability of rejected alternatives and also reject the negative data on brand purchased. If dissonance is not reduce, the anxiety experience may turn into a dissatisfaction and leads to a new problem. That is why high purchase involvement needs extensive research of information to reduce anxiety and increase the confidence level in purchasing the product they want. Consumer will stay loyal to BOH tea because the company is constantly doing research in order to satisfy the future consumer needs . Psychological Core BOH tea Attention Attention is a concept of cognitive psychology that helps us to actively process information present in our environment. Attention is an unconscious process where consumer can automatically scan the features of the environment surrounding them. Attention can be classified into 2 which are voluntary and involuntary. Selective attention is voluntary where relevant information is focused. Involuntary is orientation reflex where something surprising is put in front of a person and allocates the attention towards it. Selective Attention Selective attention is the study of why people pay attention towards things, and how deep is their attention towards things that they focus. Example, being in a classroom, or a busy highway, it is impossible for a person to note everything down. What a person pays attention is actually what they select to pay attention to, thus, selective attention is not entirely conscious. In order to capture the attention of consumer entirely, BOH tea pays attention towards animal and environmental conservation and have won numerous awards. Example, the companys packing facility in Bukit Cheeding has receive the ISO 9002 certification, this can further assured of quality tea every time consumer open up a packet of BOH tea. BOH also won the Super brand Excellence Trophy Award in Food Beverage category in 2004. Orientation reflex Orientation reflex is very important in capturing the attention of consumer. The aim of this involuntary action is to create stimuli that surprise the expectation of consumers. Example, BOH Tea is able to capture the attention of their consumer with their advertisement in television which focuses on family bonding where family members can socialize through a cup of tea. Health benefits offers by BOH tea also has direct their attention towards consumer automatically because they are aware the importance of health Perception Perception is a process that begins with consumer being exposed to information, attended to the information and ending with comprehending the information that is focus on. Perception consists of 5 major elements which is exposure stage, attention stage and comprehension stage. Exposure stage Beginning process of perception process where consumer is exposing to information in the environment that is observed by the human senses. Example, when we are driving on the freeway we are expose towards numerous commercial messages such as bill boards, radio advertisement, bumper- stickers on car, banners on shopping mall and many more . However, exposure towards surrounding is not enough to give a major impact towards consumers. BOH tea attracts consumer by promoting their products in television commercial, newspaper advertisement, BOH tea website, and also campaign. Example, BOH tea has done numerous televisions commercial by targeting the culture of tea regardless of religious or political options and also not to forget the moment of togetherness by the bonding of family members. However, this has allowed zapping and zipping away of television commercial to occur and consumer might miss the television commercial. This mean attention is needed to draw the attention of the people. Attention Stage The matter of degree that consumer pays attention towards something, this stage consumer will allocate processing capacity to a stimulus. Example, if we are driving on a freeway and we are running low on gas, our attention immediately becomes high towards signboards that say how far is the next petrol station, but low when commercial regarding shopping or movies on the billboards. However, our attention towards something can be instantly escalates from high to low when we are in need of something. Example, an advertisement for a product that we are interested is on television programs. In order to capture the attention of consumer, BOH tea has involve in animal and environmental conservation. One of their successful story is when BOH Plantation was the first tea company to be awarded ISO22000 certification , an international standard designed to ensure safe food supply chains worldwide. BOH has also strengthened the leadership of their brand by embarking on numerous marketing campaig ns. Example of a successful campaign the BOH Ummph! campaign, a tagline that is still remembered by young Malaysian right until today. This campaign has brought attention towards consumer as BOH focuses on family values. Interpretation stage The final stage of perception where consumer organize and interprets the information obtain from their environment. BOH tea comes in the mind of consumer when they hear or sees the Ada Ummph! phrase in advertisements. Memory 2 types of memory Short-term memory The decision is instantly made, and if without repetition information will be forgotten. Long-term memory Information that is repeated will be interpret and stored in the long-term memory, information can be use later on as it can be change to short-term memory for making decision. Consumer that remembers BOH tea can purchase it when tea supply is needed at home Purchase and consumption decision Consumer is very clear of the products that benefits or satisfies their need, and purchase process begins when consumer buys the product Nature of perception The graph above shows the nature of perception from exposure until purchase and consumption decision of consumers. Exposure provides opportunity for attention but not guarantee that is seen by consumer. Exposure can be then categorise into 2 element which is selective and voluntary. Selective exposure is where there is vast amount of information given but choices is up to consumers interest, and voluntary exposure is consumer is willing to accept the information as to satisfy purchase goal, and entertainment. Information provided by BOH Plantation may not be consumers interest, but it is their duty to attract consumer to consume their high quality tea. Attention is where the information is selected and focus by consumer and information is send to the sensory system to interpret that data. Interpretation of information begins when consumer allocates the information that is necessity for their purchase goals or objectives , the information is receive from the stimulus of the consumer. The information that is generated is then stored in the memory. Memory has two elements which is short term and long term. Short term memory is where the information is stored for a shorter period of time in order to make a instant decision and is forgotten quickly after that. Long term memory is where the information generated is stored for a longer period of time where consumer can make decision later on in time and does not have to be instant. Finally, the purchase and consumption stage, consumer will decide to buy the product once they have understand the criteria that satisfy their purchase goal . Motivation Motivation refers to an inner drive that reflects the goal of a person, which consist of the urge, wishes, or desire that allow them to strive to achieve the goals and aims that is set. The two motivational theories that is famously known to express the motivation of people are the: Maslows Hierachy of Needs W.J. McGuire psychological motives Maslows hierarchy of need is actually a theory to satisfy the human needs . In order to be at the peak of the hierarchy, a person has to satisfy the lower needs in order to achieve higher needs in the hierarchy. We will now study and go through each stage of Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of needs Basic needs/ Physiological needs Basic needs of human. Example, food, water, sex ,sleep, and also Exercise Safety needs Security, shelter, and normalcy in life Belongingness and love needs A persons affection and acceptance as part of family or group, intimate relationships and also friends Esteem or status Prestige, accomplishment , self respect, and the respect of others. Confident, appreciated and also the need of feel competent is also important Self actulisation The need to realise ones own potential, to achieve dreams and ambitions The next theory is McGuires Hierarchy of Needs, a very detailed set of motives to understand the specific aspects of consumer behavior. This theory consists of 4 major categories with 16 sub-categories which explain the behavior of consumer. The 2 criteria that satisfy the 4 main categories are as follow: Is the mode of motivation cognitive or affective? Is the motive focus on preservation of status or on growth ? Cognitive Preservation Motives Need for Consistency (active, internal) Need for Attribution (active, external) Need to Categorize (passive, internal) Need for Objectification (i.e., cues) (passive, external) Cognitive Growth Motives Need for Autonomy (i.e., Independence) (active, internal) Need for Stimulation (active, external) Teleological Need (i.e., desired outcomes or end states) (passive, internal) Utilitarian Need (i.e., problem solvers) (passive, external) Affective Preservation Motives: Need for Tension Reduction (active, internal) Need for Expression (active, external) Need for Ego Defense (passive, internal) Need for Reinforcement (passive, external) Affective Growth Motives: Need for Assertion (active, internal) Need for Affiliation (active, external) Need for Identification (passive, internal) Need for Modeling (passive, external) Learning Motives Motive arouses individual to respond and engage in learning activity. Goal that are achieved will reduce arousal but will have tendency to occur again. Marketer put product in a way that can satisfy the arousal of consumer Example, when a person is in need for tea consumption (motive) , BOH tea will provide the tea in many form for choices of consumer Reinforcement Tendency of motives to re-occur again in a similar situation. Elements of learning Response Physical activity in reaction towards stimulus, Example, the process of going to retail outlet to purchase tea Cues Provides direction, respond towards motive. Example, tea can be obtain in the retail outlets Cognitive Learning ( Thinking ) This learning process focuses on acquiring knowledge and skill is by mental, which is creating metal presentation of physical object and events in our heads. Individuals learn by listening, watching, touching, reading or experiencing then processing and remembering the information. We can conclude that this kind of learning emphasizes on the role of memory and thinking There are 3 types of learning process : Iconic role learning Interrelationship between two or more concepts without conditioning learning and without reasoning. Vicarious learning Behavior are formed by observing the outcomes of other behavior or imagining the outcome of potential behavior Analytical learning New information are updated when new theories or studies are formed. Behavioral Learning ( Conditioning) Classical conditioning A learning process between environmental stimulus and natural occurring stimulus. Unconditioned stimulus happens automatically, unconditionally and naturally triggers a response, Example, when you smell your favorites food you may immediately feel hungry. Smell of food is unconditioned stimulus. Unconditioned stimulus is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in respond towards unconditioned stimulus. Example, hungry in response the smell of food. Conditioned stimulus is the neutral stimulus that has no connection with the unconditioned stimulus. Conditioned response is learned from the neutral stimulus. Operant conditioning Learning method that occurs through punishment and rewards behavior. Example of operant conditioning can be seen around us, consider employees finishing project with excellent result receives praise or promotions. Reward here increases the behavior.Behavior can also be reducing for example, a student to be told to lose recess privileges if they did not finish their homework. This leads to a decrease in disruptive behavior. Memory Memory consist of 2 component which is Short-term memory (STM) and Long-term memory (LTM) Short term memory Short term memory which also known as working memory is the portion of total memory that is currently in use or activated. Rehearsal of information is needed to ensure it is encode in the long-term memory is the information is important for later usage. If information in short term memory is not repeated it will be lost in 30seconds. Example, if we were to see an advertisement regarding fast food delivery , we will not pay much attention to the advertisement but only remember the number for future usage Long term memory Long term memory has essentially unlimited capacity to store information permanently. Stored information is either semantic or visual. Semantic memory deals with encoding and storage of words , while visual deals with storage of images. Memory here is stored permanently and can be use when needed to make a decision. Rehearsing is important to register something in the long-term memory. Example, if we move to a new house and change our phone number, we ourselves probably have to repeat it until we register the number in our memory storage. Learning process consist of 3 element Schemes It stores facts and generalize information such as verbal information, concepts, rules, principles, and problem solving skills. Information that stored here is simply meaningful and helps consumers to make decision. It is well-establish schemata Scripts A special issue in the memory that is also known as procedures we remember for doing things. Scripts involve a series of sequences in doing something. Example, the manufacturing of tea in the BOH tea plantation to where it is distributed so that consumer can purchase it. In general, it is important for firms to have their brand names incorporated into scripts. Example, consumer reflexively can search for BOH tea in the shops rather than unspecified brand of tea Repositioning Repositioning is an attempt to change the consumers perception of their brand; this is because the existing products position is less attractive towards consumer. Example, a product that has great quality but the price is not affordable has low return in profit to the firms, this means they have to change their strategy to lower the price of their products. Repositioning is a very tough process as large sum of money is needed for advertising and promotion of their products. Attitude Attitude is feeling or affection against a stimulus; it is stored in the long-term memory. The 4 function of attitude consist of Utilitarian function, which is use to obtain reward and avoid punishment, Ego-Defensive function is self-protection, knowledge function is simplifies decision such as brand, and value expression which is express identify towards others. Culture The direct definition from textbook about culture is That complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man person as a member of society. From this definition, we can learn several important characteristic of culture such as Culture is comprehensive This means that everything must have a connection in order to create culture. Example, bowing and a strong desire to avoid the loss of face are unified in their manifestation of the important of respect. Boundaries of acceptable behavior Everyone must understand their surrounding before taking action. Example, a person cannot be naked while attending class, the least outfit will be shorts and a T-shirt to wearing suits and tie. However, if a person is to wear a suit in the beach, they will definitely be laugh at . So it is very important to know your environment. Cultural characteristics as a continuum. There is a tendency to stereotype cultures as being one way or another (e.g., individualistic rather than collectivistic). Note, however, countries fall on a continuum of cultural traits. Hofstadters research demonstrates a wide range between the most individualistic and collectivistic countries, for example-some fall in the middle. Subculture Identification with core culture Identification with a subculture Mass market behaviors Unique market behavior Core culture values and norms Subculture values and norms Individuals A subculture is a section of a larger culture whose members shares distinguish values and pattern behavior. Social history and current situation of the groups generates the unique values and pattern of behavior which they practices in their subculture. Subculture members exist from the core culture where they share their unique value the most. Figure above shows to which degree an individual behave in manner of unique dependent to the extend which individuals reach out towards that subculture. Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/cb/STP.png Segmentation, targeting, and positioning comprise is a three stage process, this process will helps us in Determine which kind of customer exist Which customer